Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria transfer and its importance in GBM

The traditional view of organelles as isolated functional entities is increasingly being replaced by a perspective that emphasizes dynamic connections. In particular, the membrane contact site between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane (MAM), has been extensively studied. MAM, as a key intracellular signaling hub, regulates various key activities including lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, calcium ion homeostasis, and cell survival and apoptosis. Given its central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, increasing evidence suggests that dysfunction of the endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrial axis may be associated with tumorigenesis, particularly in glioblastoma. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the role and underlying mechanisms of MAM.