Enhanced Enterobacter ludwigii ES2-Mediated Thifensulfuron-Methyl Degradation and Maize Disease Resistance: A Multifunctional Microbial Technology Approach

). It also promoted plant growth via nitrogen fixation, phosphorus/potassium solubilization, and siderophore production, controlling maize big blotch disease (64.59% efficacy). ES2 tolerated 7% NaCl and metals (Zn, Mg, Pb) and formed biofilms under thifensulfuron-methyl stress. In field tests, ES2 degraded 87.66% of thifensulfuron-methyl and reduced big blotch by 68.6%. This multifunctional microbial technology will be applied in green and sustainable agricultural applications.