Correlation of Peri-Implant Bone Loss and Occlusal Trauma: A Literature Review

Implants were discovered by Professor Branemark back in the 1950's. As we stand today in the 21st century, we still haven't completely figured out the dynamics of an implant and its association and effect on the periodontium. Controversy still exists regarding the role of excessive occlusal overload on peri-implantitis or implant failure. Animal studies shows conflicting results and human clinical trials are inadequate to draw a conclusion whether loss of osseointegration is caused by undue occlusal load or just leads to marginal bone loss. There are no set rules or measurements which would guide a clinician in planning an implant keeping the periodontal as well as prosthetic component balanced. Hence this review paper aims to compile the evidence present currently and help understand the complex relationship biomechanical stress and its effect on bone loss around implants, in a concise manner.