Outcomes of Catheter Ablation of Left Ventricular Summit Arrhythmias

The left ventricular summit (LVS) is the area in the highest portion of the left ventricular epicardium, bounded by the left coronary arteries and the coronary venous circulation, and can be surrounded by thick epicardial fat that may preclude epicardial ablation. Ablation of LVS ventricular arrhythmias (VA) can be achieved from adjacent structures with good success rates. The long-term freedom from LVS VA recurrence remains variable. This article reviews the spatial and anatomic relationship of the structures surrounding the LVS, which provide vantage points for ablation, and the acute and long-term outcomes of different ablation approaches in LVS VA ablation.