Research progress and prospect of frozen soil engineering disasters

With the expansion of engineering activities, numerous major projects are gradually emerging in frozen soil regions. However, due to the unique engineering properties of frozen soil, various frozen soil engineering disasters have occurred or accelerated under the conditions of global warming, posing a serious threat to the project operation, environmental and ecological protection, and humanity development. This paper summarizes the formation conditions of frozen soil engineering disasters from the perspectives of thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical factors based on existing research. The definition, development trend and characteristics of thawing disaster, frost heaving disaster and freeze-thaw disaster are generalized. The main prevention measures are summarized based on the thermal, hydraulic, and mechanical conditions that cause frozen soil engineering disasters. Research suggestions on frozen soil engineering disasters including the engineering disaster mechanism under the frozen soil degradation and multi-hazard risk assessment are proposed. It may provide some references for the harmonious coexistence and sustainable development of engineering construction and geological environment in frozen soil area.