Oligothiophene-based photosensitizers with tunable push–pull architectures: design, synthesis and characterization

= 4.0 nM for the most efficient PS) than common photosensitizers. Real-time fluorescence imaging revealed rapid membrane blebbing when the cells treated with HSA-OT were exposed to light, indicative of necrotic-like immunogenic cell death. Taken together, our findings highlight the power of molecular engineering in optimizing photosensitizer performance and provide proof of concept for the potential of HSA-OT conjugates as a multifunctional theranostic platform for cancer.