The mitochondrial side of frailty

Mitochondrial dysfunction lies at the intersection of musculoskeletal, metabolic, and immune changes underpinning frailty. While integrative biomarker panels have defined metabolic signatures, early diagnosis and personalized therapies remain unmet needs. Longitudinal studies are required to establish causality, refine biomarker utility, and guide precision medicine strategies to preserve mitochondrial function, extend healthspan, and improve quality of life in aging populations.