Negative‐Damping‐Induced Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Zero‐Power‐Consumption Bridge In Situ Dynamical Monitoring

Abstract Zero‐power‐consumption, ultra‐long period, and in situ monitoring are essential for the safety and service life of infrastructures such as bridges, with efficient and sustainable energy supply as a core challenge. Here, a negative‐damping‐induced triboelectric nanogenerator (NDI‐TENG) is proposed for the efficient harvesting of high‐entropy vibration energy of random, low‐frequency, and low‐amplitude characteristics from the bridge itself. It achieves amplification of amplitude, resonance of suppression, and in situ mechanical‐to‐electrical signal conversion by NDI structure, with the efficiency increased by 44.4%. Moreover, NDI‐TENG delivers a transferred charge density of 1.6 mC m − 3 and a peak power of 5.72 mW, with increases of 21.2% and 121.7%, respectively. Furthermore, develop a self‐powered bridge in situ monitoring system by NDI‐TENG array, which consists of 10‐energy harvesting units and 1‐vibration sensing unit, achieving a 97.5% accuracy in vehicle weight and speed identification using a K‐nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithm. In addition, the feasibility of synchronized in situ energy harvesting and vibration sensing has been confirmed by experimental and field service testing, while retaining over 97% of output performance after 50 000 operating cycles. This work introduces a new method for self‐powered systems and infrastructure in situ security monitoring.