Fusobacterium nucleatum – Friend or foe?

Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) is one of the most abundant Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, part of the gut, and oral commensal flora, generally found in human dental plaque. Its presence could be associated with various human diseases, including, e.g., periodontal, angina, lung and gynecological abscesses. This bacteria can enter the blood circulation as a result of periodontal infection. It was proven that F. nucleatum migrates from its primary site of colonization in the oral cavity to other parts of the body. It could cause numerous diseases, including cancers. On the other hand, it was shown that Fusobacterium produces significant amounts of butyric acid, which is a great source of energy for colonocytes (anti-inflammatory cells). Therefore, it is very interesting to get to know the two faces of F. nucleatum. Fusobacterium nucleatum is a commensal bacteria which prevent invasion by pathogens. However, it is associated with cancer progression. Therefore, it is very interesting to get to know two faces of this bacteria. • F. nucleatum is associated with various diseases, like periodontal, angina, cancer. • Bacteria produce compounds necessary for anti-inflammatory cells. • Metal complexes with adhesins are involved in reactive oxygen species generation. • Adhesin complexes lead to oxidative stress in the cells.