Antibody Fragments as Potential Biopharmaceuticals for Cancer Therapy: Success and Limitations

单克隆抗体 抗体 免疫疗法 抗原 癌症治疗 癌症免疫疗法 不利影响 医学 免疫学 癌症 免疫系统 癌症研究 计算生物学 药理学 生物 内科学
作者
Р. В. Холоденко,Daniel Kalinovsky,Igor I. Doronin,Eugene D. Ponomarev,И. В. Холоденко
出处
期刊:Current Medicinal Chemistry [Bentham Science Publishers]
卷期号:26 (3): 396-426 被引量:98
标识
DOI:10.2174/0929867324666170817152554
摘要

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important class of therapeutic agents approved for the therapy of many types of malignancies. However, in certain cases applications of conventional mAbs have several limitations in anticancer immunotherapy. These limitations include insufficient efficacy and adverse effects. The antigen-binding fragments of antibodies have a considerable potential to overcome the disadvantages of conventional mAbs, such as poor penetration into solid tumors and Fc-mediated bystander activation of the immune system. Fragments of antibodies retain antigen specificity and part of functional properties of conventional mAbs and at the same time have much better penetration into the tumors and a greatly reduced level of adverse effects. Recent advantages in antibody engineering allowed to produce different types of antibody fragments with improved structure and properties for efficient elimination of tumor cells. These molecules opened up new perspectives for anticancer therapy. Here, we will overview the structural features of the various types of antibody fragments and their applications for anticancer therapy as separate molecules and as part of complex conjugates or structures. Mechanisms of antitumor action of antibody fragments as well as their advantages and disadvantages for clinical application will be discussed in this review.
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