Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been a hot technology for the great promise applications in full-colour displays and white solid-state lighting. For years, the anthracene plays an important role in the development and application of OLEDs materials. The anthracene derivatives were intensively utilized in OLEDs, such as emitting materials from blue to red, hole- and electron-transporting materials. In this Feature Article, we review the development of anthracene derivatives and discuss the different substituents in relation to the thermal stability and the electroluminescent performance.