Opportunities and Challenges in the Development of Autonomous Driving in China and the United States

This article conducts a systematic analysis of the opportunities and challenges in autonomous driving technology development across China and the United States. It evaluates comparative advantages in both nations through the lenses of market scale, policy frameworks, and technological innovation, while critically examining industry-wide barriers, including safety challenges, raw material supply risks, environmental impacts and unresolved liability frameworks. The study further presents market penetration forecasts and actionable policy recommendations to guide future progress. Practically, these insights inform stakeholders’ strategic prioritization of safety-driven innovation and cross-sector collaboration, underscoring the imperative to address technical and regulatory gaps for sustainable global adoption.