Recent Advances in Metal-Organic Frameworks for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption

With the rapid advancement of communication technologies, issues of electromagnetic pollution and electromagnetic compatibility have become increasingly severe, heightening the demand for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption materials. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have flourished in this field owing to their chemical tunability, high porosity, tailored topological structures, and functionality. MOF-derived composites exhibit diverse loss mechanisms and heterogeneous structures, achieving lightweight, broadband, and highly efficient absorption. Notably, recent developments in conductive MOFs (cMOFs) have positioned pristine MOFs as promising intrinsic absorbers. Accordingly, this review comprehensively classifies and summarizes recent progresses in MOF derivatives and cMOF-based absorbers, with a focus on 3 critical aspects: design strategies (compositional and structural engineering), absorption performance (reflection loss and bandwidth), and loss mechanisms (dielectric and magnetic loss). Finally, perspectives on future development directions for MOF-based absorption materials are proposed. This review provides methodological guidelines for constructing high-performance MOF-based absorption materials in the future, while highlighting persisting challenges in their development. Ultimately, it charts a course toward designing and fabricating lightweight, broadband, and high-efficiency MOF absorption materials with structural-functional integration.