Greater hyperthermia in men with type 2 diabetes does not lead to higher serum levels of cellular stress biomarkers following exercise-heat stress

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with worsening age-related impairments in heat loss, causing higher core temperature during exercise. We evaluated whether these thermoregulatory impairments occur with altered serum protein responses to heat stress by measuring cytoprotection, inflammation, and tissue damage biomarkers in middle-aged-to-older men (50–74 years) with ( n = 16) and without ( n = 14) T2D following exercise in 40°C. There were no changes in irisin, klotho, HSP70, sCD14, TNF-α, and IL-6, whereas NGAL (+539 pg/mL, p = 0.002) and iFABP (+250 pg/mL, p < 0.001) increased similarly across groups. These similar response patterns occurred despite elevated core temperature in individuals with T2D, suggesting greater heat vulnerability.