FADD amplification is associated with CD8 + T‐cell exclusion and malignant progression in HNSCC

Abstract Objective This study aimed to clarify the relationship between FADD amplification and overexpression and the tumor immune microenvironment. Methods Immunohistochemical staining and bioanalysis were used to analyze the association between FADD expression in tumor cells and cells in tumor microenvironment. RNA‐seq analysis was used to detect the differences in gene expression upon FADD overexpression. Flow cytometry and multicolor immunofluorescence staining (mIHC) were used to detect the differences in CD8 + T‐cell infiltration in FADD‐overexpressed cells or tumor tissues. Results Overexpression of FADD significantly promoted tumor growth. Cells with high FADD expression presented high expression of CD276 and FGFBP1 and low expression of proinflammatory factors (such as IFIT1‐3 and CXCL8), which reduced the percentage of CD8 + T cells and created a “cold tumor” immune microenvironment, thus promoting tumor progression. In vivo and in vitro experiment confirmed that tumor tissues with excessive FADD expression exhibited CD8 + T‐cell exclusion in the microenvironment. Conclusion Our preliminary investigation has discovered the association between FADD expression and the immunosuppressive microenvironment in HNSCC. Due to the high frequent amplification of the chromosomal region 11q13.3, where FADD is located, targeting FADD holds promise for improving the immune‐inactive state of tumors, subsequently inhibiting HNSCC tumor progression.