Serum Connective Tissue Growth Factor in Children with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Congenital Heart Disease: Review Article

Background: The significant pulmonary vascular resistance can result in right-sided heart failure, elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, and even mortality, a progressive condition known as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), which also has a high mortality and morbidity rate.Objectives: we aimed investigate plasma connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) levels in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) (PAH-CHD) in children and the relationships of CTGF with hemodynamic parameters.Material and methods: A review of MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov,indexed through 31 October 2022, utilizing the following searches: connective tissue growth factor OR/AND one of the following: Biomarker; Children; Congenital heart disease; Pulmonary arterial hypertension [MESH], was conducted.Additional studies were identified through review of references.English-language epidemiological studies, clinical studies, and case reports/series of connective tissue growth factor was included.The authors reached consensus regarding study inclusion after full-text review.The body of literature was assessed for bias qualitatively. Conclusion:Children with PAH-CHD had considerably higher serum connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) levels, which were inversely linked with oxygen saturation.The parameters of the echocardiograph and CTGF did not correlate.A possible diagnostic biomarker for PAH-CHD in children may be found in serum CTGF levels.