实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎
多发性硬化
髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白
脱髓鞘病
间充质干细胞
星形胶质增生
髓鞘
微泡
神经炎症
少突胶质细胞
胶质纤维酸性蛋白
背景(考古学)
脑脊髓炎
视神经脊髓炎
急性播散性脑脊髓炎
免疫学
医学
生物
中枢神经系统
神经科学
病理
小RNA
炎症
免疫组织化学
古生物学
基因
生物化学
作者
Caterina Allegretta,Emanuele D’Amico,Virginia Manuti,Carlo Avolio,Massimo Conese
摘要
Autoimmune demyelinating diseases-including multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-associated meningoencephalomyelitis-are a heterogeneous group of diseases even though their common pathology is characterized by neuroinflammation, loss of myelin, and reactive astrogliosis. The lack of safe pharmacological therapies has purported the notion that cell-based treatments could be introduced to cure these patients. Among stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), obtained from various sources, are considered to be the ones with more interesting features in the context of demyelinating disorders, given that their secretome is fully equipped with an array of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective molecules, such as mRNAs, miRNAs, lipids, and proteins with multiple functions. In this review, we discuss the potential of cell-free therapeutics utilizing MSC secretome-derived extracellular vesicles-and in particular exosomes-in the treatment of autoimmune demyelinating diseases, and provide an outlook for studies of their future applications.
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