Analysis of the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in water, sediment and biota of the Jucar River (E Spain). Sources, partitioning and relationships with water physical characteristics

环境化学 生物群 环境科学 沉积物 污染 污水 污染 全氟辛烷 流出物 水污染 流域 食物链 大型水蚤 化学 生态学 环境工程 生物 毒性 地理 地图学 古生物学 有机化学 磺酸盐
作者
Julián Campo,M. N. Lorenzo,Francisca Pérez,Yolanda Picó,Marinel.la Farré,Damià Barceló
出处
期刊:Environmental Research [Elsevier]
卷期号:147: 503-512 被引量:91
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.010
摘要

The presence, sources and partitioning of 21 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs: C4–C14, C16, C18 carboxylate, C4, C6–C10 sulfonates and C8 sulfonamide) were assessed in water, sediment, and biota of the Jucar River basin (E Spain). Considering the three matrices, perfluoropentanoate (PFPeA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were the most frequent compounds, being remarkable the high occurrence of short-chain PFASs (C≤8), which are intended to replace the long-chain ones in several industrial and commercial applications. In general, all samples were contaminated with at least one PFAS, with the exception of three fish samples. Mean concentrations detected in sediments (0.22–11.5 ng g−1) and biota (0.63–274 µg kg−1) samples were higher than those measured in water (0.04–83.1 ng L−1), which might suggest (bio) accumulation. The occurrence of PFAS is related to urban and industrial discharges (Cuenca city in the upper part of basin, and car's factory, and effluents of the sewage treatment plant (STP) of Alzira, in the lower part). Increasing pollution gradients were found. On the other hand, higher contamination levels were observed after regulation dams of the catchment pointing out their importance in the re-distribution of these contaminants. None of the hazard quotients (HQ) calculated indicate potential risk for the different tropic levels considered (algae, Daphnia sp. and fish). PFAS concentrations found in this study can be considered in acceptable levels if compared to existing Regulatory Legislation and, consequently, they do not pose an immediate human health risk.
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