Bio-derived ionic coacervate-engineered cellulose liquid crystal films for electrically reconfigurable microwave absorption

of -49.02 dB at 8.4 GHz with an EAB of 4.0 GHz, fully covering the X-band. Meanwhile, the incorporation of PIL effectively mitigated the inherent brittleness of CNC assemblies, yielding a flexible, biodegradable, and processable film platform. This work establishes a sustainable and mechanistically distinct route for constructing electrically reconfigurable electromagnetic materials, offering a transferable strategy for next-generation adaptive and eco-friendly electronic systems.