ECCO Guidelines on Therapeutics in Ulcerative Colitis: Surgical Treatment

This is the second of two articles presenting the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] evidence‑based consensus guidelines on the management of adult patients with ulcerative colitis [UC]. The first article covers the medical management of UC, including acute severe colitis. The present article addresses the surgical management of medically refractory UC, including the general surgical approach and perioperative optimisation, surgical strategies and techniques, and recommended levels of centre expertise and surgical specialisation. Together, these two articles aim to inform shared decision‑making and to guide clinicians and healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients with UC, drawing on the best available evidence.