The authors presented a general characteristics of Occupational Health Services in Sweden, their legislation, functioning, financing and objectives, with special reference to occupational safety and hygiene, and the working environment control. They discussed how the work environment is monitored by the external control bodies (Labour Inspectorate, National Board of Occupational Safety and Hygiene, and Workers' Health) and by employers in individual establishments (internal control). Major factors which have contributed to the success of the Swedish work environment policy were also highlighted.