镧
镧系收缩
钐
铂金
无机化学
铽
铈
镧系元素
镝
材料科学
铕
催化作用
化学
合金
冶金
发光
离子
有机化学
生物化学
光电子学
作者
Marı́a Escudero-Escribano,Paolo Malacrida,Martin Hangaard Hansen,Ulrik Grønbjerg Vej-Hansen,Amado Velázquez-Palenzuela,Vladimir Tripković,Jakob Schiøtz,Jan Rossmeisl,Ifan E. L. Stephens,Ib Chorkendorff
出处
期刊:Science
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:2016-03-31
卷期号:352 (6281): 73-76
被引量:766
标识
DOI:10.1126/science.aad8892
摘要
The high platinum loadings required to compensate for the slow kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) impede the widespread uptake of low-temperature fuel cells in automotive vehicles. We have studied the ORR on eight platinum (Pt)-lanthanide and Pt-alkaline earth electrodes, Pt5M, where M is lanthanum, cerium, samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, thulium, or calcium. The materials are among the most active polycrystalline Pt-based catalysts reported, presenting activity enhancement by a factor of 3 to 6 over Pt. The active phase consists of a Pt overlayer formed by acid leaching. The ORR activity versus the bulk lattice parameter follows a high peaked "volcano" relation. We demonstrate how the lanthanide contraction can be used to control strain effects and tune the activity, stability, and reactivity of these materials.
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