Objective To explore the clinical and pathological features,and the correlation between clinical and pathological diagnoses in 1 000 children with renal biopsies.Methods In 1 000 children with renal diseases,the renal biopsies were performed using semi automatic biopsy needles under ultrasound guidance.The clinical and renal pathological data were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 96.2%(n = 962)of cases,renal biopsies were obtained successfully.Mild complications occurred in 17% patients(n = 170).Most of clinical manifestations were consistent to pathological diagnosis,but 20 cases were not.Conclusions There was considerable proportion of patients who were misdiagnosed and had excessive treatment or delayed treatment for pediatric renal diseases if diagnosed only by clinical manifestation.The pathological diagnosis provides guidances and significantly improves clinical treatment and prognostic assessment.