OBJECTIVE: To study the definition, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in patients with multiple primary malignant tumor of upper aerodigestive tract cancer and thyroid cancer. METHOD: Retrospectively analyze the events of 7 cases with multiple primary malignant tumors of upper aerodigestive tract cancer and thyroid cancer. RESULT: Lesions of upper aerodigestive tract cancer and thyroid cancer located on the same side. After 4 to 8 years of follow-up, 2 cases of hypopharyngeal cancer and thyroid cancer got poor prognosis, prognosis of other patients with early stage laryngeal cancer and thyroid cancer is better. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of multiple primary malignant tumors in patients with upper aerodigestive tract cancer and thyroid cancer depends on the biological behavior of aerodigestive tract cancer.