Aimed at the problems of slowness of network formation training and easiness of falling into local optimal case when the fuzzy BP neural network was used for detection and estimation of pipeline leak,a fuzzy RBF neural network method was presented for pipeline leak detection and estimation.First of all,based on the mechanism of flow and the pressure changes of pipeline leakage,the differential signal of the flow and pressure gathered from the actually operating pipeline was converted into fuzzy one and taken as the RBF neural network input.Then the confidence level of leak age dimension was taken as the network output,and finally a priori knowledge of experts was incorporated into the formation of the fuzzy rules,resulting in a fuzzy pipeline leak detection RBF neural network.Then with the actual operation data was used for their off-line simulation test and the simulation result showed that the fuzzy RBF neural network overcame the shortcomings of the fuzzy BP neural network to improve the accuracy of the leak estimation,making the network more efficient and optimized.