Recent Advances in Electrochemical H2O2 Production Via Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Fundamentals and Catalyst Design

The electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) through the two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (2e− ORR) presents a promising alternative to the conventional anthraquinone oxidation method. The successful commercialization of electrochemical H2O2 production depends critically on the fabrication of efficient cathode catalysts that exhibit high catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. However, achieving significant H2O2 yields with advanced electrocatalysts remains challenging. This paper presents a systematic review of the latest advancements in the design, synthesis, and application of electrocatalysts for H2O2 production, with a focus on noble metals, transition metals, and carbon-based catalytic systems. In addition, strategies for enhancing electrocatalytic activity and selectivity are also discussed, aiming at developing cost-effective, high-performance catalysts for the 2e− ORR. Finally, we summarize critical challenges in this field, providing a comprehensive reference to guide future research and development efforts in improving electrochemical H2O2 production technologies. By addressing these challenges and encouraging innovative approaches, the electrochemical production of H2O2 may advance toward more efficient and sustainable industrial applications.