Physiological Changes in Multiple Organ Systems Through Aging

Aging is the major risk factor for death from all age-related adult chronic diseases. At a biological level, aging is associated with the gradual accumulation of a wide variety of molecular and cellular damage. This chapter describes the physiological changes observed in multiple organ systems through aging. Even though cardiovascular disease is not necessarily related to advanced age, it is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among older adults. One of the most well documented consequences of aging is the decline in the immune function. Although aging is inevitable, the idea of healthy aging recognizes that the rate of deterioration differs amongst individuals and is modifiable through actions implemented by health policies. The chapter presents a more analytical view of the tools that directly assess the individual's physical condition. It details tools that assess functionality throughout everyday life activities.