Altered profile of plasma phospholipids in woman with recurrent pregnancy loss and recurrent implantation failure treated with lipid emulsion therapy

Abstract Background Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) and Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF) are highly heterogeneous condition and many of the mechanisms involved still require elucidation. The aim was to analyze the lipidomic profile in plasma of women with RPL and RIF before and after receiving the Lipid Emulsion Therapy (LET) containing 10% fish oil (SMOFlipid ® 20%). Methods This study included twenty‐six women with RPL or RIF from immunological or inflammatory causes, with elevated natural killer cell levels and divided into a Pregnancy Loss or a Live Birth group according to the outcome. The women received intravenous LET and sample collecting was done before the first, third and fifth dose of LET in the pregnant women. Ultra‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐QTOF MS) and multivariate statistical methods were performed to evaluate the profile of phospholipids present in the women's plasma. Results An increase of phosphatidylcholines (PC) 40:8 and 36:5 levels with predominance of n6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was observed in plasma lipids of the Pregnancy Loss Group compared to Live Birth Group. We also observed an increase in the relative abundance of n3 PUFA‐PC species (42:10 and 36:6) and LysoPC 15:0 with the long term use of LET. Conclusion The greater availability of n3 PUFA in plasma of the pregnant women stemming from LET use can be considered advantageous regarding the alteration of the phospholipid profile and its postulated anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory role.