The impact of polydeoxyribonucleotide on wound healing: a systematic review

Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), a DNA-derived biopolymer, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent for enhancing wound healing, particularly in challenging conditions such as diabetic ulcers and chronic wounds. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of PDRN in wound healing through both in vitro and in vivo studies. Seven studies, including diverse models of wound healing, were selected for analysis. PDRN demonstrated significant therapeutic potential, promoting cellular proliferation, migration, and differentiation, key processes involved in tissue repair. In vitro studies revealed that PDRN enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, proliferation and migration of human skin keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts, and the expression of critical markers such as VEGF and collagen. In vivo studies, particularly in diabetic mouse models, confirmed accelerated wound closure, improved epithelialization, increased vascularization, and modulation of inflammatory markers. Additionally, PDRN exhibited promising effects in corneal wound healing, as shown in zebrafish models. The therapeutic mechanisms of PDRN were primarily linked to the activation of the adenosine A2A receptor, enhancing angiogenesis, reducing inflammation, and promoting fibroblast activity. Although PDRN treatment was well-tolerated with minimal side effects, variations in dosing regimens and delivery methods highlighted the need for standardized protocols. This review underscores PDRN’s potential as a versatile regenerative agent and advocates for further clinical trials to validate its efficacy, optimize treatment strategies, and ensure long-term safety in wound care and regenerative medicine.