Electrochemical In Situ Monitoring of Protein Adsorption on Chiral Nanochannel Membranes and its Implications for Modulating Cellular Behavior

Abstract Engineering surface features, such as chemical composition and nanoscale topography, are essential for establishing sufficient bone‐implant interfacial interactions. Recently, the chirality of microenvironments has emerged as another crucial factor capable of modulating cellular activities within the fields of cell biology and biomedicine. Herein, protein interactions within chiral microenvironments and the resultant influence exerted by adsorbed proteins on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) behavior are explored. Specifically, a TiO 2 nanochannel (TN)‐based membrane, proposed as a novel bone implant coating material, is employed to fabricate substrates featuring chiral topography. An electrochemical system utilizing this chiral TN membrane is constructed for in situ monitoring of protein adsorption selectivity. Furthermore, leveraging the fabricated homochiral TN membranes, the impact of nanomaterial chirality on the adsorption behaviors of fibronectin (Fn) and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP‐2) is systematically assessed, alongside the synergistic effects of chirality and protein functionalities on focal adhesion formation and MSC differentiation pathways. Experimental results reveal that these chiral microenvironments preferentially adsorb specific functional proteins, subsequently directing MSC behaviors, including adhesion regulation and lineage‐specific differentiation toward osteogenic or adipogenic pathways. The insights derived from this investigation hold substantial implications for optimizing biomedical implant surfaces, potentially enhancing bone‐implant interface interactions.