A cross-sectional study for prevalence and risk factors of peri-implant marginal bone loss

Progressive peri-implant marginal bone loss and peri-implantitis have become a growing problem, but cross-sectional studies on their prevalence and risk factors are sparse.The purpose of this cross-sectional clinical study was to investigate the prevalence of peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL) and to identify systemic and local risk factors.All adult patients who had received dental implants at the National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH) during 2009 or 2010 were included. Their medical records were collected from the NTUH-integrative Medical Database. Consecutive follow-up radiographs were accessed for severity of MBL. The influence of each factor on MBL was estimated by using generalized estimating equations (GEEs).A total of 732 participants with 1873 implants were analyzed (mean follow-up: 5.30 years). The prevalence of MBL was 59.15% at the individual level and 49.55% at the implant level. The risk indicators identified for the presence of MBL were follow-up period of more than 2 years, diagnosis of diabetes within 12 months, radiation therapy (2 years after implant placement), implant location at maxillary canine (compared with mandibular molar), and implants from the Nobel Biocare brands (Brånemark System and NobelActive). A second multivariate GEE model confirmed the association of progressive MBL with implant location at the maxillary canine and mandibular incisor and implant brand or design.The identified risk indicators for MBL were longer follow-up period, diagnosis of diabetes, radiation therapy, implant location at maxillary canine, and implant brand or design.