Ameliorative and protective activity of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) Biosynthesized Using Taraxacum officinale L. leaves Extract against 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) Induced Colon Cancer in Rats

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent cancers worldwide and the leading cause of death annually. In recent years, the study of natural preventative agents and food components in addition to traditional treatments has seen an increase in interest and effort. Nowadays, novel procedures are constantly being researched, including nanotechnology-based cancer treatment, which is regarded as one of the most promising research directions for colon cancer. This experiment's goal was to determine if silver nanoparticles made from aqueous extracts of Taraxacum officinale leaves (TOL-AgNPs) could help prevent colon cancer in rats that had been given 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Thirty-five rats have been allocated at random into five groups: control, DMH, TOL-AgNPs alone, TOL-AgNPs combined with DMH, and post-treated. DMH was administered intraperitoneally at a dosage of 30 mg/kg body weight once per week for eight weeks, while TOL-AgNPs were orally given at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight. UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), SEM and EDAX, TEM examinations were utilized to characterize TOL-AgNPs. Hematological and biochemical tests were assessed additionally for markers of oxidative stress. Also, colon tissues were examined histopathologically. It was discovered that DMH elevated the hematological and biochemical parameters significantly (P≤0.05). TOL-AgNPs restored these measurements to an approximately normal range. According to a histopathological examination, the TOL-AgNPs exhibit anticancer effects in all nano-extract treatment groups. Our findings demonstrated that AgNPs produced utilizing the leaves of T. officinale have potent anticancer activity against DMH-induced colon cancer.