Recent advances and clinical applications for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria in biological samples

Infectious diseases have a wide range of significant characteristics with complex clinical manifestations. The incidence rate and mortality rate remain high, seriously endangering human health. Therefore, rapid identification and sensitive diagnosis of pathogens are crucial for patient recovery. In order to overcome the limitations of traditional cultivation methods, such as long detection time and limited microbial species, various new detection technologies have rapidly developed in recent years. This not only greatly shortens the detection time, but also effectively improves the accuracy and sensitivity of pathogen detection. This article reviews the rapid detection methods for pathogens that are currently in the research process or early application stage in recent years, including detection technologies in molecular biology, immunology, biosensors, and microfluidics. It focuses on summarizing the sample pretreatment method, detection principles, mechanisms, and advantages of various technologies, and analyzes the current application status of various technologies in pathogen detection in clinical biological samples, in order to provide technical references for rapid detection of different clinical biological samples.