Localization of False Data Injection Attack in Smart Grids Based on SSA-CNN

In recent years, smart grids have integrated information and communication technologies into power networks, which brings new network security issues. Among the existing cyberattacks, the false data injection attack (FDIA) compromises state estimation in smart grids by injecting false data into the meter measurements, which adversely affects the smart grids. Current studies on FDIAs mainly focus on the detection of its existence, but there are few studies on its localization. Most attack localization methods have difficulty locating the specific bus or line that is under attack quickly and accurately, have high computational complexity and are difficult to apply to large power networks. Therefore, this paper proposes a localization method for FDIAs that is based on a convolutional neural network and optimized with a sparrow search algorithm (SSA–CNN). Based on the physical meaning of measurement vectors, the proposed method can precisely locate a specific bus or line with relatively low computational complexity. To address the difficulty of selecting hyperparameters in the CNN, which leads to the degradation of localization accuracy, a SSA is used to optimize the hyperparameters of the CNN so that the hyperparameters are optimal when using the model for localization. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted on IEEE14-bus and IEEE118-bus test systems, and the simulation results show that the method proposed in this paper has a high localization accuracy and can largely reduce the false-alarm rate.