NAD+激酶
烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸
CD38
新陈代谢
辅因子
衰老
细胞生物学
聚ADP核糖聚合酶
老化
DNA修复
烟酰胺
烟酰胺单核苷酸
锡尔图因
生物
生物化学
烟酰胺
遗传学
酶
DNA
干细胞
聚合酶
川地34
作者
Anthony J. Covarrubias,Rosalba Perrone,Alessia Grozio,Eric Verdin
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41580-020-00313-x
摘要
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a coenzyme for redox reactions, making it central to energy metabolism. NAD+ is also an essential cofactor for non-redox NAD+-dependent enzymes, including sirtuins, CD38 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases. NAD+ can directly and indirectly influence many key cellular functions, including metabolic pathways, DNA repair, chromatin remodelling, cellular senescence and immune cell function. These cellular processes and functions are critical for maintaining tissue and metabolic homeostasis and for healthy ageing. Remarkably, ageing is accompanied by a gradual decline in tissue and cellular NAD+ levels in multiple model organisms, including rodents and humans. This decline in NAD+ levels is linked causally to numerous ageing-associated diseases, including cognitive decline, cancer, metabolic disease, sarcopenia and frailty. Many of these ageing-associated diseases can be slowed down and even reversed by restoring NAD+ levels. Therefore, targeting NAD+ metabolism has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to ameliorate ageing-related disease, and extend the human healthspan and lifespan. However, much remains to be learnt about how NAD+ influences human health and ageing biology. This includes a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate NAD+ levels, how to effectively restore NAD+ levels during ageing, whether doing so is safe and whether NAD+ repletion will have beneficial effects in ageing humans. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central redox factor and enzymatic cofactor that functions in a plethora of cellular processes, including metabolic pathways and DNA metabolism, and affects cell fate and function. NAD+ levels gradually decline with age, and therapeutic elevation of NAD+ levels is being trialled for extending human healthspan and lifespan.
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