丁酰胆碱酯酶
乙酰胆碱酯酶
胆碱能的
丝氨酸水解酶
乙酰胆碱
生长素
神经递质
药理学
化学
生物化学
生物
酶
神经科学
激素
丝氨酸
阿切
受体
作者
Zhe Ying Ha,Shintu Mathew,Yeong Keng Yoon
出处
期刊:Current Protein & Peptide Science
[Bentham Science]
日期:2020-01-27
卷期号:21 (1): 99-109
被引量:40
标识
DOI:10.2174/1389203720666191107094949
摘要
Butyrylcholinesterase is a serine hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of esters in the body. Unlike its sister enzyme acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase has a broad substrate scope and lower acetylcholine catalytic efficiency. The difference in tissue distribution and inhibitor sensitivity also points to its involvement external to cholinergic neurotransmission. Initial studies on butyrylcholinesterase showed that the inhibition of the enzyme led to the increment of brain acetylcholine levels. Further gene knockout studies suggested its involvement in the regulation of amyloid-beta, a brain pathogenic protein. Thus, it is an interesting target for neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. The substrate scope of butyrylcholinesterase was recently found to include cocaine, as well as ghrelin, the “hunger hormone”. These findings led to the development of recombinant butyrylcholinesterase mutants and viral gene therapy to combat cocaine addiction, along with in-depth studies on the significance of butyrylcholinesterase in obesity. It is observed that the pharmacological impact of butyrylcholinesterase increased in tandem with each reported finding. Not only is the enzyme now considered an important pharmacological target, it is also becoming an important tool to study the biological pathways in various diseases. Here, we review and summarize the biochemical properties of butyrylcholinesterase and its roles, as a cholinergic neurotransmitter, in various diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders.
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