The thioredoxin system, composed of thioredoxin (TRX), thioredoxin reductase (TR), and NADPH, plays critical roles in many cellular functions. However, it is also overexpressed in many solid tumors. Thus, many inhibitors have been developed to target TR and TRX, such as, natural products, ebselen analogues, metal complexes, and small molecules. In their Minireview on page 10175 ff., N. Metanis and H. Ghareeb, outline the great potential for developing new inhibitors for this system, including protein and peptide-based inhibitors, as new anticancer drugs.