Analysis of Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in Difficult Conditions by the Parabolic Equation Method

Studies devoted to the application of numerical solutions of the parabolic equation to the prediction of propagation conditions of radio waves traveling above the ground surface are briefly reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the analysis of the physical irregularities of propagation of radio waves in difficult conditions (above the sea surface, including formation of evaporation ducts and in forests, including the influence of forest and terrain profiles on the radiation field of phased array antennas).