成核
材料科学
顺势排列
平面的
格子(音乐)
晶格常数
凝聚态物理
结晶学
化学物理
光学
光电子学
纳米技术
液晶
衍射
物理
化学
计算机图形学(图像)
热力学
计算机科学
声学
作者
Xiao Li,José A. Martínez‐González,Kangho Park,Cecilia Yu,Ye Zhou,Juan Pablo,Paul F. Nealey
标识
DOI:10.1021/acsami.8b18078
摘要
Chemically patterned surfaces can be used to selectively stabilize blue phases as macroscopic single crystals with a prescribed lattice orientation. By tailoring the interfacial free energy through the pattern characteristics, it is possible to set, with nanoscale precision, the optimal conditions to induce spontaneously blue-phase crystal nucleation on the patterned substrate where a uniform, defect-free, blue-phase single crystal is finally formed in a matter of seconds. The chemical patterns taken into consideration in this work are made up of alternated stripelike regions of homeotropic and planar anchoring. By varying the stripe pattern dimension, including the period and ratio of the planar/homeotropic anchoring width, it is possible to generate blue-phase I single crystals with (110) lattice orientation and blue-phase II single crystals with either the (100), (110), or (111) lattice orientation. Continuum mean-field calculations of the studied systems serve to explain, in terms of the free energy of the systems, how the pattern dimensions favor certain crystallographic orientations while penalizing the others. We found that a small free-energy difference is sufficient to drive the nucleation and growth of blue phases into a certain lattice orientation. Therefore, a processing window for obtaining arbitrary large blue-phase single crystals with predesigned lattice orientation, highly aligned reflective peaks, and significantly short forming time is provided here, which is essential for manufacturing and modulating optical devices and photonics.
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