Confinement-guided performance enhancement of perovskites within metal–organic frameworks

In recent years, metal halide perovskites have shown great potential in optoelectronics, including solar cells, light-emitting devices, and lasers owing to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. The host-guest strategy using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as hosts and perovskites as guests has been widely developed. Benefiting from tunable pores and well-defined structures, MOFs can provide a stable microenvironment for perovskites, suppress non-radiative transitions, and introduce new functions through confinement effects. However, no comprehensive review has yet summarized the performance enhancement of MOF-confined perovskites, especially in terms of stability, luminescence efficiency, and circularly polarized luminescence. This review systematically outlines the synthetic strategies (ship-in-a-bottle, bottle-around-ship, and one-pot synthesis), modulation mechanisms, and frontier applications of MOF-perovskite composites. The nanoconfinement, interfacial passivation, and electronic coupling of MOFs effectively inhibit ion migration, defects, and degradation, greatly improving the photoluminescence quantum yield and stability of perovskites. Meanwhile, the emission wavelength and exciton dynamics can be finely tuned by regulating MOF pore size, ligand functionalization, and nucleation kinetics. These composites show promising applications in photovoltaics, sensing, information encryption, anti-counterfeiting, and light-emitting devices. Moreover, the integration of artificial intelligence with theoretical simulation is crucial for overcoming the current design and optimization bottlenecks, accelerating the development of next-generation high-performance optoelectronic devices.