The impact of the gain-loss frame and descriptive social norms on citizens’ willingness to participate in urban governance

In urban governance, public participation has been widely advocated. The impact of the gain-loss frame and descriptive social norms on behavior has been effectively verified, although the specific research results are not consistent. In this study, we will conduct an online survey experiment to investigate the willingness of citizens to participate in urban governance through the gain-loss frame and descriptive social norms, as well as their interaction.