An oral pH-activated “nano-bomb” carrier combined with berberine by regulating gene silencing and gut microbiota for site-specific treatment of ulcerative colitis

, we observed a better anti-inflammatory effect of HA-siCD98@NPs and BBR. Furthermore, orally administered HA-siCD98@NPs and BBR (co-loaded in a chitosan/alginate hydrogel) could target the colon, downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, and alleviate microbial dysbiosis in a mouse model of UC, yielding a much better efficacy than when administered alone. Collectively, this study provides a promising nanotechnology-based precision targeting strategy for UC treatment.