Chronotherapy in dentistry: A scoping review

The circadian clock modulates almost all vital aspects of our physiology and metabolism, including processes relevant to dentistry, such as healing, inflammation and nociception. Chronotherapy is an emerging field aiming to improve therapeutic efficacy and decrease adverse effects on health outcomes. This scoping review aimed to systematically map the evidence underpinning chronotherapy in dentistry and to identify gaps in knowledge. We conducted a systematic scoping search using four databases (Medline, Scopus, CINAHL and Embase). We identified 3908 target articles screened by two blinded reviewers, and only original animal and human studies investigating the chronotherapeutic use of drugs or interventions in dentistry were included. Of the 24 studies included, 19 were human studies and five were animal studies. Chrono-radiotherapy and chrono-chemotherapy reduced treatment side effects and improved therapeutic response, leading to higher survival rates in cancer patients. Animal studies reported that tooth movement and periodontal tissue response to orthodontic forces follow a diurnal rhythm that might influence bone metabolism. Profound and prolonged local anesthesia could be achieved when injected in the evening. Although the overall quality of the included studies was low, chronotherapy applications in dentistry seem to have favourable outcomes, especially in head and neck cancer treatments.