免疫系统
免疫学
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(SARS-CoV-2)
病毒学
2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19)
2019-20冠状病毒爆发
倍他科诺病毒
医学
生物
疾病
病理
爆发
传染病(医学专业)
作者
Helen R Wagstaffe,Ryan S. Thwaites,Arnold Reynaldi,Jasmin Sidhu,Richard McKendry,Stephanie Ascough,Loukas Papargyris,Angelo Collins,Jing Xu,Nana‐Marie Lemm,Matthew K. Siggins,Benjamin M. Chain,Ben Killingley,Mariya Kalinova,Alexander Mann,Andrew Catchpole,Miles P. Davenport,Peter Openshaw,Christopher Chiu
出处
期刊:Science immunology
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:2024-09-02
卷期号:9 (92)
被引量:2
标识
DOI:10.1126/sciimmunol.adj9285
摘要
Human infection challenge permits in-depth, early, and pre-symptomatic characterization of the immune response, enabling the identification of factors that are important for viral clearance. Here, we performed intranasal inoculation of 34 young adult, seronegative volunteers with a pre-Alpha severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain. Of these participants, 18 (53%) became infected and showed an interferon-dominated mediator response with divergent kinetics between nasal and systemic sites. Peripheral CD4 + and CD8 + T cell activation and proliferation were early and robust but showed distinct kinetic and phenotypic profiles; antigen-specific T cells were largely CD38 + Ki67 + and displayed central and effector memory phenotypes. Both mucosal and systemic antibodies became detectable around day 10, but nasal antibodies plateaued after day 14 while circulating antibodies continued to rise. Intensively granular measurements in nasal mucosa and blood allowed modeling of immune responses to primary SARS-CoV-2 infection that revealed CD8 + T cell responses and early mucosal IgA responses strongly associated with viral control, indicating that these mechanisms should be targeted for transmission-reducing intervention.
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