Recent advances and applications of Bi2S3-based composites in photoelectrochemical sensors and biosensors

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor and biosensor are regarded as a hot spot of detection methods which present great potential for future analytical field for various targets. The impetus for the development of Bi2S3-based PEC sensor and biosensor was located the adjustable energy band with various morphologies. In this review, we have discussed the Bi2S3 semiconductor applied in PEC platform for sensing various target molecules. Due to the high recombination efficiency of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, various strategies have been employed to improve the migration rate of the photogenerated electron, increase the detachment of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and promote the PEC response of Bi2S3, such as element-doping Bi2S3, conductive material modified Bi2S3, Bi2S3-based binary heterojunction, and Bi2S3-based multiple heterojunction, which have been discussed in this work. The challenges against Bi2S3-based PEC and its future prospects will also be explored.