Overview on Spinel Oxides: Synthesis and Applications in Various Fields

Spinel oxides received widespread research interest because of versatility involved in various properties which are tunable as per disparity in composition, morphology, defects, doping sites, structure, lattice dynamics, interactions, surface area, substrate and so on. Due to the significant multifunctional applications, it is vital to probe these materials as they allow various dopants for the construction of diverse composites with novel and innovative performance. The present review is meant for the quicker understanding of 4-2 spinel oxides. The article covers the background of spinel oxides with their synthesis and applications. To begin with, spinel oxide crystal structure is introduced. It is observed that the diverse properties arise from the variety of cations substituted at the tetrahedral A-site and octahedral B-site. Traditional synthesis and novel methods for preparing spinel oxides is discussed in depth. Finally, it sheds light on recent advancement of spinel oxides for the multifunctional applications such as batteries, sensors, photocatalysts, multiferroics, memory devices, fuel cells and many more.