Efficient solar-driven freshwater generation through an inner hierarchical porous metal–carbon layer bridging synergistic photothermal evaporation and adsorption photodegradation

and an efficiency of 85% under standard solar irradiation but also enhances the photocatalytic degradation of the rhodamine B organic pollutant with a remarkable 98.43% degradation rate within just 20 minutes. This integrated system offers a robust solution to the challenges of water purification by ensuring both high efficiency in solar steam generation and effective pollutant degradation.