Advancements in nanocomposite hydrogels: a comprehensive review of biomedical applications

Abstract Nanocomposite hydrogels (NHs) have emerged as a groundbreaking tool in biomedical applications, offering remarkable versatility and efficacy. Integrating a wide range of nanoparticles, including carbon-based, polymeric, ceramic, and metallic nanomaterials, within hydrogel networks results in nanocomposites with superior properties and tailored functionalities. Recent research has highlighted their potential to address key challenges in drug delivery, cancer therapy, tissue regeneration, biosensing, and wound healing, outstanding to their biocompatibility and bioavailability. Nanohydrogels demonstrate significant promise in drug delivery systems and biological sensors, providing sustained therapeutic activity at targeted sites. This reduces the frequency of drug administration and minimizes the harmful side effects. In the healthcare sector, they have applications ranging from cancer therapy to aesthetic corrections and are a leading topic in tissue regeneration research. This comprehensive review of Biomedical Applications investigates the latest advancements in NHs, focusing on their classification, unique properties, and diverse applications. By identifying the future research prospects and existing gaps, this review aims to highlight the therapeutic and diagnostic potential of nanocomposite hydrogel technology, covering the way for further advancement in the field. Graphical Abstract