The Modulation Strategies, Applications, and Future Directions of Polyoxometalates in Perovskite-Based Materials: A Review

Abstract Perovskite materials are core candidates for next-generation optoelectronic devices due to their outstanding light absorption capability and tunable electronic structures. Polyoxometalates (POMs), a typical class of inorganic anionic metal-oxide clusters, are renowned for their stable frameworks, tunable redox properties, low preparation costs, and good environmental compatibility, making them valuable in energy conversion and environmental management. When incorporated into perovskite-based devices, POMs can precisely modulate the electrical and optical properties of perovskites and optimize the overall performance by adjusting functional layers, such as charge transport layers. Through this interaction, the two materials complement and synergize with each other in both functionality and performance, providing new research perspectives for improving perovskite device performance and expanding their applications across multiple fields. This review systematically summarizes the recent progress in the synergistic application of perovskites and POMs, focusing on their innovative roles and mechanisms in perovskite solar cells, photocatalytic degradation and synthesis, and sensors as well as fluorescence photo-switching systems. Additionally, potential interdisciplinary development directions are explored, and the design of POM-based materials with customized functions is proposed. By adopting diverse synergistic strategies with perovskites, these hybrid systems hold promise for continuous performance optimization, thereby advancing the construction and application of novel functional materials.