Mechanism of Gap Opening in a Triple-Band Peierls System: In Atomic Wires on Si

One dimensional (1D) metals are unstable at low temperature undergoing a metal-insulator transition coupled with a periodic lattice distortion, a Peierls transition. Angle-resolved photoemission study for the 1D metallic chains of In on Si(111), featuring a metal-insulator transition and triple metallic bands, clarifies in detail how the multiple band gaps are formed at low temperature. In addition to the gap opening for a half-filled ideal 1D band with a proper Fermi surface nesting, two other quasi-1D metallic bands are found to merge into a single band, opening a unique but $k$-dependent energy gap through an interband charge transfer. This result introduces a novel gap-opening mechanism for a multiband Peierls system where the interband interaction is important.